Catch (production ) aquatic biological resources in Lake Baikal in 2012 was regulated by the following regulations :
- Order Rosrybolovstva from 07.04.2009 № 283 " On approval of rules for fishing fishery Baikal basin" (in red. Rosrybolovstva orders from 22.09.2009 № 846 from 26.04.2012 № 356 );
- Order Rosrybolovstva from 08.08.2011 № 815 "On approval of the total allowable catch of aquatic biological resources in the inland waters of the Russian Federation , with the exception of inland marine waters of the Russian Federation in 2012 " (in red. Rosrybolovstva orders from 05.10.2011 № 988 , from 23.11.2011 № 1150 );
- Order Rosrybolovstva from 28.11.2011 № 1172 " On the distribution of total allowable catches of aquatic biological resources in the inland waters of the Russian Federation , with the exception of inland marine waters of the Russian Federation in relation to the types of quotas for 2012" (in red. Rosrybolovstva order from 23.12.2011 number 1280 );
- Order Rosrybolovstva from 03.11.2011 № 1081 " On measures to implement resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 25.08.2008 № 643 for 2012" ( in red.prikaza Rosrybolovstva from 05.12.2012 № 1202) ;
- Order Rosrybolovstva from 16.02.2012 № 150 "On provision of aquatic biological resources in use for fishing in the research and control purposes in the inland waters of the Russian Federation , with the exception of inland marine waters of the Russian Federation in 2012 ";
- Order Rosrybolovstva from 16.02.2012 № 151 " On the distribution between users in respect of which the decision to grant water biological resources in use, production quotas (catch) aquatic biological resources of the internal waters of the Russian Federation, except for inland marine waters of the Russian Federation for implementation of fisheries research and con -
trol purposes in 2012 ";
- A letter of 16.12.2011 № Rosrybolovstva UO5 -596 "On the recommended volumes of production (catch ) aquatic biological resources in the inland waters of the Russian Federation in 2012 ."

Baikal cisco - the main commercial species refers to a lake- river -through whitefish fattens in Lake Baikal , is to spawn in tributaries . Represented by three morpho- ecological groups ( pelagic , demersal- deep , coastal ) , the separation of which is due to geological processes of Lake Baikal, led to the development opportunities omul aft base pelagic open Baikal , bathyal part and the coastal shelf within the depth break .
Information on fishing and artificial reproduction cisco presented in Section 1.4.6 . this report. 

 
Age-size structure of the herd in 2012, changes have seen improvements. Currently cisco in feeding fish fishing flock presented from 8 to 38 cm in age from 1 to 19 years ; singly meet individuals up to 50 cm under the age of 24 years. The biggest swings in age- indicators observed in the deep-water demersal- environmental group , in which fish older than 13 years are on average more than 1.5% , whereas in feeding the doorposts and coastal pelagic cisco they are virtually absent. Basis of feeding cisco largest constitute melkorazmernye fish aged 1 to 3 years - an average of about 60 % , and their share slightly higher in the coastal group. Feeding flock Baikal cisco formed predominantly immature juveniles , the share of mature fish falls to 5.3% , including 3.8 % are ready to spawn individuals and 1.5% - fish spawning transmissive .
In general, over the last 30 years have seen a trend of increasing linearly weights cisco stabilization and even improvement in some biological characteristics cisco (in particular, growth and ripening ) on the background of a relatively stable state of stocks . Compared with the end of 70th - beginning of the 80s , the average size of pelagic and coastal cisco in a mixed flock in the last decade have increased by 8-9 % and demersal- deepwater cisco 17%. 

 
The number of spawning cisco. The total number of spawning cisco entering the main rivers for reproduction, for the last 50 years ranged between 3,0-7,6 ​​million copies . By number allocated spawning rivers Upper Angara ( 1,3-3,9 million). Selenga and ( 0,7-3,7 million). . In Barguzin river comes 0.1-0.6 million copies . cisco manufacturers . Number cisco setting spawn in rivers Ambassadorial litter and fully translated into artificial reproduction is 0.1-0.7 million copies . The number of manufacturers cisco entering the river to spawn in the Gulf Chivyrkuyskogo , pp . Kichera , Kika , Turk , and some other small rivers Baikal populations (less than 0.05 million copies.) , Is negligible, and any significant role in the formation of commercial stocks is not playing . However, the role of small rivers obvious heterogeneity in maintaining populations of cisco .
Fig . 1.1.1.5.1 number of spawning cisco represented by separate periods :
- 1946-1952 gg. - Higher catches cisco catch when feeding in the lake cisco and of downstream spawning in rivers;
- 1953-1963 gg. - Harvesting only fattening cattle;
- 1964-1968 gg. - Go fishing on Harvesting of the reproducing populations;
- 1969-1975 gg. - A ban on fishing cisco ;
- 1976-1981 gg. - The period of scientific exploration ;
- 1982-2012 gg. - Industrial fishing .
According to the census of spawning cisco maximum for the entire period of the industrial fishing of manufacturers cisco , who have come to the river , it was noted in 2003 - 7.6 million copies . 

 

Fig . 1.1.1.5.1 . The number of spawning cisco 

 
In the Selenga River in 2012 went down 1.58 million copies. manufacturers , which corresponded to a multiyear average for the entire period of observation level (1.6 million copies.) . Specific concern is the significant reduction in the number of spawning coastal cisco p . Upper Angara . In 2012, the value of call producers (1.2 million copies.) In this river was even lower than in 2011 , when it was recorded the  the lowest in the last 30 years, the number of spawning cisco - 1.52 million copies. In the river Kichera gone no more than 0.09 million copies . cisco manufacturers . For the purposes of reproduction in rivers Ambassadorial litter ( Big River and Kultuchnaya ) were captured 0,131 million copies . cisco ( in 2011 - 0.165 million copies . , in 2010 - 0.11 million copies . , in 2009 - 0.066 million copies . ) .
Number cisco spawning in the river . Barguzine and its tributary . INE , in 2012 (0.21 million). Was below the average annual ( 0.3 million copies.) Level .
Overall, in 2012 the number of producers cisco called at the river ( 3.2 million copies. ) Was below the average annual level - 4.4 million copies. 

 
Number of larvae cisco. The total number of larvae cisco slides down into the lake , despite significant inter-annual variations , usually at the level of 2-3 billion copies. In the previous decade, the same (2001-2010 gg.) Rolling number cisco larvae was significantly higher than the mean annual values ​​, and in the last 2 years - at the level of long-term averages for the past half century.
The status of stocks and cisco TAC . The total biomass of all groups morphoecological cisco stable enough , although it is now possible to note its decline from 20,5-26,4 tons ( 1982-2005 . ) To 19,0-21,4 tons in 2006-2012 years. In accordance with certain reserves , taking into account the structural and biological characteristics of individual groups morphoecological cisco and adopted strategies to trade use ( in the feeding period on the preferred orientation of the herd Harvesting immature cisco catch Downstream already spawn in rivers cisco V. Angara and Selenga , withdrawal sexually mature at cisco purpose of reproduction ) are determined amounts of total allowable catches. Dynamics of total allowable catches and statistically accounted yield is shown in Fig . 1.1.1.5.2 . According to expert estimates , more than 700 tons of cisco in 2012 were caught illegally (2011 - 470 tons , in 2010 - 560 m, 2009 m -940 ) .

Fig . 1.1.1.5.2 . Total allowable catch (TAC ) and statistically left out catch Baikal cisco

Baikal sturgeon - the most valuable fish fauna endemic representative of the lake. Sturgeon population in the second half of the XIX century was quite significant, thus ensuring stable catches in these years at the level of 200-300 tons. Injudicious hunting in the early XX century, which was based on the manufacturers catch during spawning migration and widespread destruction of juveniles , led to a sharp reduction its population and thus catches. The total catch of sturgeon in two main areas of his craft : Barguzinsky and Verkhneudinsk (Selenga ) in 1924 amounted to only 3.87 tons entered from 1930 to 1935 . prohibition of fishing Baikal sturgeon has not given the expected results , in 1945 the ban was renewed and is valid for the moment . In 1985-1988, . its population was estimated at Selenga shoal in 10-18 thousand copies , and in the Gulf of Bargusinsky 3-4 thousand copies. In 1986-1988, at p. Selenga going down to spawn just 70-140 manufacturers. Due to the extremely low number and a small number of producers Baikal sturgeon has been listed in the Red Book of Russia (1988 ) IUCN Red List (1996) and is related to rare endangered forms. 

Despite years of prohibition and fishing activities carried out on artificial reproduction , there is no appreciable increase in stocks of sturgeon . The main reason - poaching of both producers and intergenerational juveniles. Produced with the hatchery and Rolling on the river. Selenga juvenile sturgeon in large quantities at an early age (1-3 years ) is flagged for poaching netting gear . According to expert estimates , based on data on sturgeon catch in control setepostanovkah and intensity of illegal fishing cisco catch of juvenile sturgeon poaching omulevyh networks on Selenga shallows of Lake Baikal in June-August 2010 could amount to more than 20 thousand pieces . the waters of 150 km2. The greatest number of young sturgeon were observed in July , which is connected with the development of fodder and with the heating of the shallow zone . In August sturgeon starts to depart at great depths , which explains the decrease in the number of his catches. All sturgeon fry - fish aged 1-5 years, mostly 1- 2- year-olds . Similar estimates , carried out in 2007 showed that even without bycatch shutters and zakidnye omulevye seine "possible" catch sturgeon fry amounted to 332 thousand units . , In 2009 - 111 thousand pieces . In such circumstances, hatcheries operate on poachers. The number of criminal or even administrative cases on illegal mining Baikal sturgeon , is negligible. In 2012 the results of a joint raid employees Angara- Baikal and the Office of TU Rosrybolovstva RPN RB was initiated only one criminal case . Greater efforts to prevent the illegal net fishing in the lake cisco and will contribute to the conservation of Baikal sturgeon fingerlings .
Information on artificial reproduction of sturgeon is presented in section 1.4.6 of this report. 

 
Grayling. In Lake Baikal subspecies inhabit Arctic grayling - (Black) Baikal grayling Thymallus arcticus baicalensis Dyb. and white Baikal grayling Thymallus arcticus brevipinnis Swet. The taxonomic status of the Baikal grayling discussed so far .
White Baikal grayling -target industrial fishing is not, however, as bycatch in fishing gear omulevye occurs almost throughout Baikal. Average annual value of catch white Baikal grayling omulevye gear - 1.45 ± 0.35%. This value is sufficiently stable for three decades . Abundance and biomass of white grayling in the last decade, remained stable , the permissible value of the fishing withdrawal is 60-70 tons as a control measure , given the impossibility of objective monitoring of real volumes catch grayling in sports and recreational fisheries and the lack of a specialized fishing of the species, the ODE white grayling in 2012-2013 . asked to leave in the amount of 15 tons
Black Baikal grayling - its habitats are confined mainly to small rivers and rivers of Lake Baikal. Directly in the lake he found only in a river spaces of these rivers and some lips. Black umber - to traditional fishing Indigenous Peoples in Northern Baikal , but mostly is subject recreational fisheries .
As the ongoing research, the existing fishing intensity does not reduce black grayling stocks in general for the whole lake. However, no doubt that some local populations of black grayling exposed to anthropogenic impact ( deterioration of hydrological conditions of rivers , pollution) and, above all , it is expressed for small rivers of Southern Baikal . Most stable population
black grayling observed in rivers and a river discharge spaces in the northeastern part of Lake Baikal , adjacent to protected areas ( Barguzinsky reserve Frolikhinsky reserve).
In order to regulate the objectively existing fishing black Baikal grayling TAC for 2012-2013 . proposed in a volume of 10 m, with the possible exception of the fishing zone of the rivers of Southern Baikal .
In fishery statistics do not allocate separate white and black grayling. In general ODE Baikal grayling ( white and black ) for 2012 , 2013. 25 has been set at t 

 
Whitefish - Baikal is presented in two forms : the lake and the lake and river . River-lake whitefish numerically small and needs to be protected and artificial reproduction . Lake whitefish stocks condition is stable enough , the main places of its habitat are Chivyrkuisky Bay and the Small Sea , as by-catch signal is common in the Gulf and the Bargusinsky Selenga shallows. However catch whitefish omulevye gear usually is not fixed , so the species is characterized by high value of unreported catches .
Calculations show that the catch of whitefish Chance of up to 50-60 m, but due to the lack of a clear organization whitefish fishery on Lake Baikal , the TAC in 2012-2013 . 25 has been set at t

Ordinary fish species . For this complex commercial fish total allowable catch is not installed. Control measure production volumes are recommended values ​​possible catch . Status of stocks melkochastikovyh fish ( roach, perch, dace, carp ) are not a concern . Terms of reserves and catch melkochastikovyh complex species is the second value after cisco . possible
catch and statistically recorded catches of these species in 2007-2012 . presented in Fig . 1.1.1.5.3 .


Fig . 1.1.1.5.3 . Possible and statistically small catch Chastikov left out in 2007-2012 . 

Stocks carp and pike are subject to considerable interannual fluctuations in numbers. These species are not considered possible in fishery statistics and have significant poaching press . As the TAC for 2012 was set value below biologically possible withdrawal of fishing pike - 20 tons , carp - 10 tonnes on 2013 recommended catch pike is 25 tons , 10 tons of common carp 

 
Burbot is subject to traditional fishing indigenous peoples and industrial fishing in Severobaykalsky Promrayon . Analysis of collected material evidence of its stable stocks. 2013 possible catch burbot in the recommended amount of 25 tons 

 
The Baikal seal (Pusa / Phoca sibirica Gm.) - The only aquatic mammal Baikal endemic inhabits the entire area of ​​the pond. Spread depends on the season , migrations are mainly food character , partly due to ice ( temperature ) conditions. Nerpa - potentially long-lived species. It has a complex stable enough sex and age structure population. Moreover, the population has a great reproductive potential , since about half of the number of female immatures are not involved in reproduction , which undoubtedly indicates a high number of Baikal seals .

In April 2012, the Baikal branch of FSUE " Gosrybtsentr " was held traditional accounting litter size seals. Unlike 2009-2011, . , Survey was conducted not only in the middle of Lake Baikal , but in the north (of 10 user cuts and 3 polygons). Location found Lair schennyh females seal shown in Figure 1.1.1.5.4 . Estimated number of offspring in the middle of the lake was 7.9 million heads in the northern part - 8.8 thousand. For the entire lake basin population replenishment , according to calculations , could make , as in 2011 , 19.2 million heads. The total number of the seal population in 2012 (97.4 thousand heads ) compared with 2011 (94.6 thousand heads ) has increased and continues to remain at a high level.

The high number of seals is confirmed and indirect indicators , indicate an increase in their habitat . Increasingly seal found in shallow waters of Lake Baikal , especially in areas posing omulevyh gear . In Bargusinsky Gulf and the Selenga shallow water seal trap regularly swims in stationary nets used in the fishery cisco .

It is known that the main seal rookeries are on Ushkanyi Islands . However, in June 2012 on the west coast of Lake Baikal-Lena staff reserves were discovered three new seal rookeries on the capes of North Pine , and Onholoy Solontsovy . Each of rookeries employs more than 100 animals , the largest - about 140 individuals.

According to the rules of fishing, commercial production of Baikal seals is prohibited. Fishery shall be conducted only in order to ensure the traditional way of life and of the traditional economic activities of indigenous peoples , as well as in research and control purposes . Total in 2012 , according to official statistics , was produced 1208 copies. seal . Given the illegal extraction , removal was 2400-2800 goals. In 1977-2001 years. average annual production , taking into account illegal , was 6-7 thousand. Thus, the fishing pressure on the seal population remains low .

The magnitude of the total allowable exemptions (ODE ) seal , provided that the total population at a stable level , calculations show that is not less than five thousand pieces . per year. Whereas the prohibition of commercial production in 2012, the TAC was set in volume - 2500 goals for 2013 is recommended to install the same amount .